[81] Along with Bryde's whales, [82][83][84][85] these once common residents can still can be seen in deeper marginal seas such as Gulf of Aden, [86] Israel coasts, [87] and in the Strait of Hormuz. [88] Other species such as the critically endangered Arabian humpback whale, [89] (also historically common in Gulf of Aden[90] and increasingly sighted in the Red Sea since 2006, including in the Gulf of Aqaba), [87] omura's whale, [91][92] minke whale, and orca also swim into the Persian Gulf, while many other large species such as blue whale, [93] sei, [94] and sperm whales were once migrants into the Gulf of Oman and off the coasts in deeper waters, [95] and still migrate into the Red Sea, [96] but mainly in deeper waters of outer seas.
[65] The Persian Gulf therefore became a critical maritime path through which the Allies transported equipment to Soviet Union against the Nazi invasion. [66] The piracy in the Persian Gulf was prevalent until the 19th century. Many of the most notable historical instances of piracy were perpetrated by the Al Qasimi tribe. This led to the British mounting the Persian Gulf campaign of 1819. [67] The campaign led to the signing of the General Maritime Treaty of 1820 between the British and the Sheikhs of what was then known as the 'Pirate Coast'.
25ـ قانون مسعودي ـ تالیف ابوريحان بيروني الخوارزمي، حيدرآباد دكن 1955. 26ـ قصة الحضارة ـ تأليف ويل دورانت ـ ترجمه به عربي از دكتر زكي نجيب محمود، قاهره 1965. 27ـ لطايف اللغات ـ عبداللطيف بن عبدالله ـ نسخهٌ خطي. 28ـ مختصر البلدان ـ ابوبكر احمدبن محمد، معروف به ابن الفقيه (279 هجري)، ليدن 1885) يطلب من مكتبة المثني ببغداد). 29ـ مراصد الاطلاع ـ علي محمد البجاوي ـ طبع 1954 جزء اول.
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): بحر فارس ـ مؤلف الحدود العالم من المشرق الی المغرب (تأليف 372 ق. ): خليج فارس ـ دريای پارس ـ مقدسی فی کتاب احسن التقاسيم فی معرفة الاقاليم (تأليف 375 ق. ): بحر فارس ـ محمد بن نجيب فی کتاب جهان نامه (تأليف قرن چهارم): بحر پارس ـ ابن بلخی فی کتاب فارسنامه (تأليف حدود 500 ق. ): بحر فارس ـ طاهر مروزی فی کتاب الطبايع الحيوان (تأليف حدود 514 ق. ): الخليج الفارس ـ شريف ادريسی ( 560 ق. ) فی کتاب النزهة المشتاق: بحر فارس ـ ياقوت حموی ( 626 ق. ) فی کتاب المعجم البلدان: بحر فارس ـ زکريای قزوينی ( 682 ق. ) فی کتاب آثار البلاد: بحر فارس ـ انصاری الدمشقی ( 727 ق. ) فی کتاب النخبة الدهر: بحر فارس ـ ابوالفداء ( 732 ق. ) فی کتاب التقويم البلدان: بحر فارس ـ شهاب الدين احمد نويری ( 733 ق.
2ـ احسن التقاسيم في معرفة الاقاليم ـ تالیف شمس الدين ابوعبدالله محمدبن احمدبن ابوبكر الشامي مقدسي، معروف به البشاري، ـ ليدن 1960 (يطلب من مكتبة المثني ببغداد). 4ـ الاعلاق النفيسه ـ تالیف ابوعلي احمد بن عمر، معروف به ابن رسته، طبع ليدن 1981 ميلادي.. 8ـ تاريخ التمدن الاسلامي ـ تأليف جرجي زيدان ـ طبع القاهره 1935 ـ جلد دوم. 9ـ التفهيم لاوائل صناعة التنجيم ـ ابوريحان بيروني خوارزمي ـ تصحيح جلال همايي 1318 شمسي. 10ـ حياة الحيوان الكبري ـ شيخ كمال الدين الدميري، قاهره 1311 هجري. 11ـ خريدة العجائب و فريدة الغرائب ـ تالیف ابو حفض زيدالدين عمر مظفر، معروف به ابن الوردي ـ چاپ قاهره 1303 هجري. 18ـ صبح الاعشي في صناعة الانشاء ـ ابي العباس احمدبن علي بن احمد القلقشندي. قاهره 1913 تا 1920 جلد سوم. 19ـ صورة الارض، تالیف ابوالقاسم محمدبن حوقل، ليدن 1938 ، جلد اول.
966), [25] Ibn Hawqal, [26] Al-Muqaddasi, [27] Ibn Khaldun, [28] Mohammad ibn Najub Bekiran, [29] Abu Rayhan Biruni, [30] Muhammad al-Idrisi, [31] Yaqut al-Hamawi, [32] Zakariya al-Qazwini, [33] Abu'l-Fida, [34] Al-Dimashqi, [35] Hamdollah Mostowfi, [36] Ibn al-Wardi, [37] Al-Nuwayri, [38] Ibn Batutta, [39] Katip Çelebi and other sources[40] have used the terms "Bahr-i-Fars", "Daryaye-i-Fars", "Khalij al-'Ajami" and "Khalij-i Fars" (all of which translate into "Persian Gulf" or "Persian Sea"). Naming dispute The body of water is historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf.
The water from the Persian Gulf has a higher salinity, and therefore exits from the bottom of the Strait, while ocean water with less salinity flows in through the top. Another study revealed the following numbers for water exchanges for the Persian Gulf: evaporation = –1. 84 m (6. 0 ft)/year, precipitation = 0. 08 m (0. 26 ft)/year, inflow from the Strait = 33. 66 m (110. 4 ft)/year, outflow from the Strait = -32. 11 m (105. 3 ft)/year, and the balance is 0 m (0 ft)/year. [9] Data from different 3D computational fluid mechanics models, typically with spatial resolution of 3 kilometres (1.
[52] For most of the early history of the settlements in the Persian Gulf, the southern shores were ruled by a series of nomadic tribes. During the end of the fourth millennium BC, the southern part of the Persian Gulf was dominated by the Dilmun civilization. For a long time the most important settlement on the southern coast of the Persian Gulf was Gerrha. In the second century the Lakhum tribe, who lived in what is now Yemen, migrated north and founded the Lakhmid Kingdom along the southern coast. Occasional ancient battles took place along the Persian Gulf coastlines, between the Sassanid Persian empire and the Lakhmid Kingdom, the most prominent of which was the invasion led by Shapur II against the Lakhmids, leading to Lakhmids' defeat, and advancement into Arabia, along the southern shore lines.
) فی کتاب نهاية الارب: خليج فارس ـ حمدالله مستوفی قزوينی ( 740 ق. ) فی کتاب النزهة القلوب: بحر فارس ـ ابوحفص ابن الوردی ( 749 ق. ) فی کتاب خريده العجايب: بحر فارس ـ ابن بطوطه ( 777 ق. ) فی الکتاب مشهور الرحله ابن بطوطه: بحر فارس ـ قلقشندی (درگذشته 821 ق. ) فی کتاب صبح الاعشی: بحر فارس ـ حاجی خليفه ( 1067 ق. ) فی کتاب جهان نما (ترکی): بحر فارس ـ شمس الدين محمد سامی فی قاموس الاعلام (قرن سيزدهم هجری): خليج بصره ـ البستانی فی دايرة المعارف البستانی (طبع 1883 م. ): الخليج العجمی و ایضا سجلت و وصفت الخلیج الفارسی فی کتب: 1ـ آثار البلاد و اخبار العباد ـ تالیف ابوعبدالله زكريا بن محمد بن محمود القزويني ـ طبع بيروت 1960.